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Princeton in the News
November 8, 2000
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The Economist, November 11, 2000, U.S. EditionMoral Arguments: Animals Too
UNTIL Peter Singer came on the scene, philosophical discussion of moral questions in the 20th-century Anglophone world was limited on the whole to refined speculation about the meaning of the main moral ideas, such as goodness, duty and virtue. Moral philosophers had come to believe that it was not their place to legislate on actual moral dilemmas; their job, they thought, was to clarify the concepts used in thinking about them.
Mr Singer disagreed. Almost single-handedly he took moral philosophy back to an earlier tradition of direct engagement with the world, and in doing so has made three substantial contributions to ethical debate: on animal rights, on poverty and on euthanasia. The first and especially the third of these have embroiled him in controversy. He lives under provisions of special security at Princeton University in America where, having been poached from his native Australia, he now teaches. …
Mr Singer's influence extends to the world beyond the ivory tower partly because he writes with such lucidity and quiet passion about genuinely pressing questions: the environment, the rich-poor divide, cruelty to animals, human suffering. He provides answers, often uncomfortable ones, and does so cogently. Disagree with him as you may, Mr Singer is a force to be reckoned with.
The Electricity Daily, November 10, 2000Boffins: NASA s Hansen on Wrong Path
NASA global warming guru James Hansen is setting off down the wrong path when he suggests concentrating on control of greenhouse gases other than carbon dioxide, according to three researchers in a "Perspectives" article in today s issue of Science magazine. Steven J. Smith and Jae Edmonds of the Department of Energy s Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and Tom M. Wigley of NOAA s National Center for Atmospheric Research argue that Hansen s desire to focus on soot and aerosols, rather than CO2, isn t viable. Rather, they say, concentrating on CO[2] will generally take care of the other greenhouse gases. …
In another article in today s issue of Science, a team of researchers led by John P. Casperson of Princeton Universitys ecology and environmental biology department, reforestation of former farmland over the last century has played a major role in reducing accumulation of greenhouse gases, resulting in what Princeton researchers identified in 1996 as the "North American carbon sink."…
The Bond Buyer, November 9, 2000New Firms: Saber Partners Targets Muni, Corporate Sides of Power Industry
Long-time Wall Street investment banker Joseph S. Fichera is seeking to combine his experience in both the municipal and corporate sides of the fixed-income business into Saber Partners, a new boutique firm he formed this fall that will focus on electric, power, and other energy issues. …
The firm also has an advisory board that includes the four partners and, as of this week, Alan Blinder, former vice chairman of the Federal Reserve and now a professor of economics at Princeton University. …
The Dallas Morning News, November 9, 2000With Split Decision Possible, Voters Cast Critical Eye on the Electoral College
WASHINGTON: Once a high school civics lesson that seemed merely theoretical, the Electoral College came into sharp focus for voters Wednesday as they pondered the possibility that the next president of the United States might be elected without winning the popular vote.
Many didn't like what they were seeing. …
Princeton University political scientist Fred Greenstein said Bush will need to use all his personal skills to address a possible "legitimacy problem."
"He's got to bend over backward to do something about it," said Greenstein, author of "The Presidential Difference: Leadership Style from FDR to Clinton."
The idea that a candidate could win the popular vote but lose the election &emdash; something that hasn't happened since 1888 &emdash; left many pondering America's one-person, one-vote ideal. …
Financial Times, November 9, 2000US ELECTIONS: 'This is the 19th century recurring in the 21st Lessons From History
…According to unofficial vote counts, Vice-President Al Gore received about 210,000 votes more than George W. Bush. More than 100m ballots were cast, making Mr Gore's margin the narrowest in the past century other than the Kennedy-Nixon race.
Only Mr Gore may not win. And to make sense of that, historians say, you have to go back a lot further than 1960. "This is the 19th century recurring in the 21st century," said Fred Greenstein, a professor of politics at Princeton University.
In the 1960 election, Mr Kennedy won a rather easy victory despite the narrowness of the popular vote. Due to the peculiarities of the electoral college system, which provides that the winner in each state takes all of the state's electoral votes, Mr Kennedy enjoyed a comfortable 303-219 margin over Mr Nixon. …
The New York Times, November 9, 2000Economic Scene: Honest Brokers Separate Policy from Sausage for the White House.
By Alan B. Krueger; This column appears here every Thursday. Alan B. Krueger is the Bendheim Professor of Economics and Public Affairs at Princeton University and editor of The Journal of Economic Perspectives. …
During the 1992 campaign, Bill Clinton announced that he would create a National Economic Council to elevate economic policy in the White House to the same status as national security and to coordinate advice from cabinet secretaries on issues ranging from public investment and deficit reduction to free trade. In 1997 he called the council "the single most significant organizational innovation that our administration has made in the White House."
George W. Bush promised to pay attention to expert advisers in his campaign. Mr. Bush's advisers suspect that if elected he will create a coordinating body similar in several respects to the National Economic Council because he likes to hear competing views before reaching a decision.
Al Gore is sure to maintain the National Economic Council if he should pull out a Florida victory. …
The Times, November 9, 2000Physics Prize Hunt Off
Europe's top particle physics laboratory is to close an accelerator that was hot on the trail of one of the most glittering prizes in physics, possibly handing credit for the discovery to the Americans.
Management at CERN, the European Laboratory for Particle Physics in Geneva, ruled yesterday that hints of the Higgs boson found by the large electron-proton collider (LEP) were insufficiently convincing to keep it running. …
Chris Tully, a Princeton University professor involved in the LEP experiments, said: "It's tragic that the scientific arguments, which were strong, took a back seat to financial and scheduling arguments."…
The Washington Post, November 9, 2000A Defiant Nader Stands Up to Criticism; Green Party Nominee Tells Angry Liberals He's Not Responsible If Gore Loses
Defiant on the day after, Green Party nominee Ralph Nader told a growing chorus of liberal critics yesterday that he bears no responsibility for the outcome of the presidential race in Florida, where Texas Gov. George W. Bush holds a slim lead over Vice President Gore in the state that will determine who captures the White House….
Looking ahead, Nader said the Green Party intends to strengthen its grass-roots organization, win local offices and pressure what he calls the "two-party duopoly." Asked what his role would be in a party he never joined, he said, "I'm going to certainly help."
The party's ability to become the force foreseen by Nader is in some doubt, according to several analysts. The Greens themselves are divided, as are potential allies who supported the party Tuesday. …
Princeton University politics professor Larry Bartels is another skeptic.
"Look at the history of the parties who have gotten 5 percent," Bartels said. "They tend almost always to fade away. I think the Greens are very unlikely to be a major force."…
Agence France Presse, November 8, 2000Forests Will Accelerate Global Warming Crisis, Say Scientists
Tree loss caused by climate change, together with ageing forests, will disastrously speed up global warming over the next century, according to research published Thursday ahead of key negotiations next week.
The likely rise in the Earth's atmospheric temperature may be under-estimated by more than a third, because warming will accelerate in the last half of the century, the authors say. …
That is a potentially catastrophic scenario. …
Commenting on the Hadley Centre model, Princeton University climatologist Jorge Sarmiento asked whether its calculations may have been too pessimistic.
There were "large uncertainties" about theories that increased dryness would trigger a dramatic collapse of the Amazonian rainforest and that more methane would be released from biomass because of warmer temperatures, he said.
The Associated Press, November 8, 2000Physicists Disappointed in Hopes to Pursue Search for Elusive Particle
Europe's top particle physics lab announced Wednesday it was shutting down the machine it has been using to find an elusive subatomic particle believed to be key to understanding the makeup of the universe. …
The head of the European Laboratory for Particle Physics said the decision came after scientists determined the results so far weren't sufficient to warrant spending $60 million more to keep the Large Electron-Proton collider going for another year. …
"Fermilab is clearly the next ... up to bat," said Chris Tully, a Princeton University professor who had argued unsuccessfully for another year of searching in Geneva. …
"It's tragic that the scientific arguments ... took a back seat to financial and scheduling arguments," Tully said. …
Denver Rocky Mountain News, November 8, 2000Amazon Aims for Top Service Online Retailer’s Focus is Ease for Customers, Bezos Tells CU Audience
Jeff Bezos, founder of online retailer Amazon.com, said Tuesday he intends to transform his store into "the Earth's most customer-centric company."
Following the lead of such companies as Sony, which originally aimed to bring quality to Japan, Bezos said his mission at Amazon.com is "to raise the worldwide bar on customer experience."
He said he will do so by listening to shoppers, inventing new software for them and personalizing their Web site experience. …
A 1986 graduate of Princeton University, Bezos first built sophisticated money management computer systems, including the infrastructure for one of Wall Street's most technically sophisticated and successful quantitative hedge funds, before founding Amazon.com in 1994. …
Maclean's. November 6, 2000Astronomers from Princeton, Harvard, and McMaster Universities have discovered four new small, icy satellites orbiting Saturn. These moons are all 15-75 km in diameter, and were first observed in late September, using the Canada-France-Hawaii telescope in Mauna Kea. ...
Associated Press (Chicago), November 6, 2000Talk about Overdue Books.
The Field Museum of Natural History recently returned 10 volumes to the American Museum of Natural History in New York - 92 years late.
It seems a researcher from the New York museum took the books with him when he accepted a job at the Field Museum in 1908. American Museum officials suspect anthropologist Bertholt Laufer was using the books for research when he was hired away.
"He was a scrupulous individual, so I'm sure he intended to return them, but somehow he didn't," said Princeton University bibliographer Soren Edgren, who was hired by the American Museum to determine the exact content of its Laufer book collection.
Laufer had purchased 500 volumes - including texts on medicine and natural history - for the American Museum during an archaeological expedition to China from 1901 to 1904.
The American Museum didn't even know 10 of the books - each belonging to a larger set - were missing until it decided in 1990 to computerize its collection.
An earlier inventory of the Laufer books completed in 1918 showed that some of the books were already missing then, so Edgren said he began to wonder if Laufer might have been using the missing books for research when he had moved 10 years earlier.
He found them during a visit to the Field Museum in 1993, but they weren't returned to the New York museum until this autumn. …
The Baltimore Sun, November 5, 2000In Princeton, Cozy Shops and Neoclassical Architecture Put This Friendly College Town in a League of Its Own.
There is no better time to visit Princeton, N.J., than in the fall. While the year draws to a close in the rest of the world, on the campus of Princeton University, life is just beginning, brimming with new possibilities and red-gold leaves.
To recapture that old college feeling, my husband and I spent two days in Princeton, an archetypal university town of about 30,000 residents, located less than three hours from Baltimore in central New Jersey.
The College of New Jersey moved to Princeton in 1756 and assumed the town's name in 1896. This member of the prestigious Ivy League unfolds across 500 acres bordered by the bustling main thoroughfare of Nassau Street to the west and Lake Carnegie to the east. ..
First stop: Princeton University's art museum, a comprehensive collection of pieces from ancient times to the present. Housed in a modern building near the center of campus, the museum was founded in 1882 for teaching purposes. Its smallish appearance was deceptive, which we realized after seeing the honeycomb of galleries on the second floor. The 90 minutes we'd allotted just wasn't enough time.
Museum highlights included Childe Hassam's impressionistic "Rainy Day, Fifth Avenue, 1916," a tiny 16th-century earthenware model of an Italian monastery that served as a table-top font for holy water; a brilliantly colored, life-size statue of St. Peter the Martyr, made in Mexico some 500 years ago; and Frederick Remington's sculpture "Coming through the Rye" (1902), four exuberant, gun-toting cowboys that look like they'll pop out of their bronze skins at any second.
After closing the museum, we meandered around the campus. The architecture of the more than 130 buildings runs the gamut, from the ivy-covered neoclassical Nassau Hall (1756) to the Gothic University Chapel (1928), inspired by the one at King's College in Cambridge, England. Our timing here was perfect; filtered through stained glass windows, the late afternoon sunlight bathed the solemn interior in deep reds, blues, greens and purples….
The New York Times, November 5, 2000ON THE MAP: Princeton Will Keep an Eye Out for a Cosmic Greeting
In a month or so a telescope at the FitzRandolph Observatory at Princeton University will start looking for laser communications sent by extraterrestrial life. The SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) project will be a community effort with professors, undergraduates, graduate students, postdoctoral fellows, local residents, high school students and amateur astronomers taking part. Dave Wilkinson, a Princeton physics professor who is leading Princeton Oseti (Optical Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence), spoke about the project.
Q. How is this different from other SETI projects?
A. If an advanced civilization wanted to try and communicate with other advanced civilizations, there are a number of ways they could try and do it. They could try radio wavelengths, and that's a logical place to be looking. The other possibility is that they might be using lasers in the optical range. Those, you need a regular telescope with a special detector box to find. It turned out that Princeton has a 36-inch-diameter telescope that has not been used for 20 years. So a group of us got together, volunteered our time, and fixed it up. The university gave us some money to get the mirror cleaned and buy new parts, and they fixed up the building. So Princeton now has a really first-class telescope. …
The Washington Post, November 5, 2000Sure The Election Will Be Close, But Will It Be Good Television?
I'm going to go out on a limb here and suggest that we all might want to pull up a comfy chair Tuesday night and stay tuned for the kind of electoral cliffhanger that went out with coonskin caps. When pressed for my reasons, I give only one. This will be the first election since the Second World War without the presence of John Tukey, the man who destroyed the suspense of election night.
Tukey, a professor of statistics at Princeton University, was--among an astonishingly long list of other credits--a psephologist (se-fo-lo-gist), an expert on the mathematical prediction of elections. Every fall, he would sit down to plan how to predict the outcome of that season's election, be the election presidential, midterm congressional or the off-year election of a local mayor. …
Every hour would bring a new round of polls closed, a new round of commercials and a new round of predictions that had long been known to network producers. Unless election night is filled with a round of creative advertisements, such as those that make even Super Bowls bearable, watching past prime time is a wash.
But now we are living in a post-Tukey age. He departed this Earth just before the nominating conventions last July. As much as his genius and energy will be missed, I cherish a small hope that--absent Tukey--the psephologists will be wrong this year, that their equations will fail and that we will see just a bit more drama when they report the votes.
The National Journal, November 4, 2000Over a Barrel
Oil prices are high, the Middle East is again unstable, the stock market is falling, and one move by a not-very-nice man could trigger the end of the boom years. …
Economists also aren't sure how and why oil price shocks are as damaging as they seem to be. According to the basic rules of market economics, oil price rises are not any worse than oil price drops-eventually, the economy adjusts, reallocating resources to less-energy-intensive industries, and the overall level of employment doesn't fall. Although most people might think that oil price increases permanently kill jobs, a great deal of the confidence that most economists have right now about the United States handling a modest oil price jump is based on this faith that the economy will adjust. …
Economic theory assumes that "perfect competition" will lead oil companies and gasoline stations to compete for customers, and that such competition will eventually lower prices. But this theory doesn't adequately explain how slowly prices have dropped after oil shocks, according to economists Julio Rotemberg of Harvard University and Michael Woodford of Princeton University. "Imperfect competition," otherwise known as collusion or price-fixing, makes up the difference, they argue. If they are correct, today's high gas prices may last longer than some economists predict. …
The New York Times, November 4, 2000Staid Ivy League Town Suits the Party of Nader
When Green Party die-hards want to feel the warm embrace of like-minded progressives, they come to this mannered and manicured college town, even though it is not exactly famous for political radicalism.
"Princeton is very welcoming to us," said Noni Bookbinder Bell, the coordinator for Nader 2000 in Burlington County. "The energy here is amazing."
Since the university is Ralph Nader's alma mater (class of '55) and the town is the home of two Green Party Congressional candidates, Princeton has become an unlikely center for Green Party activism in this middle-of-the road, two-cars-in-every-driveway state. …
"Since I've been here, the most interesting signs of political life have been from the right, not the left," said Stanley Katz, a professor of American history who has been teaching here for 25 years.
Surrounded by a growing crop of expensive new houses and corporate headquarters, Princeton is not exactly the kind of place that draws young idealists bent on shaking up society. "We attract wonderful students, but the kind that are risk-averse," Professor Katz said. "If you are into solving urban problems or addressing the woes of the world, you wouldn't come here."
There are, nevertheless, quite a few students here interested in the political process and political change. One day during a weeklong break, Curtis Deutsch was standing at the edge of Palmer Square with a George W. Bush mask on his face and a sign in his hands that read, "Trick: Gore Wants More Military Spending. Treat: Vote Nader."
Accompanied by a dozen other students and the two local Green Party candidates, Mr. Deutsch, 26, was trying to elicit honks from passing drivers, most of whom seemed annoyed by the resulting rubbernecking delays. …
Business Wire, November 3, 2000VISION 2000 Conference Explores the Future of Employee Benefits
Dr. Gail Wilensky, health-care adviser to presidential candidate George W. Bush, addressed a group of midsized and Fortune 500 employers last Friday at VISION 2000, a conference organized by Costa Mesa, Calif.-based UltraLink Inc. …
VISION 2000 conference keynote speaker, health-care economist and Princeton University professor Dr. Uwe Reinhardt also stressed the need for market-driven change in the quality and performance of health-care plans.
Reinhardt cited Internet technology as a way to inform employees of what choices are available to them and how much coverage different plans actually provide. Internet tools that help employees make better choices about their heath benefits, he asserted, will force insurers to improve and simplify their coverage rules. …
The Guardian, November 3, 2000Squeeze-Box Dreams
It is not surprising that the accordion should be composer Deirdre Gribbin's favourite instrument. The bedrock of Argentinian tango and many Celtic folk musics, the accordion has also been crucial in the work of modernist composers such as the Russian Sofia Gubaidulina and the American experimentalist Pauline Oliveros. In fact, the instrument crosses just about as many traditions as have Deirdre Gribbin and her music.
Born in Belfast in 1967, Gribbin is proud of her Northern Irish roots. She was travelling to London for her postgraduate training after a degree at Queen's University in Belfast, but a chance encounter with the music of Danish composer Per Norgard led to her studying with him in Denmark. Last year, she won a Fulbright scholarship which enabled her to teach at Princeton University, and live and compose in New York. Along with these broadening horizons has come a growing confidence in her own voice: "I have become very sure of my musical language recently. I think my music has a special, individual identity," she says.
Her rising reputation is this month celebrated at the Huddersfield Contemporary Music Festival. Three concerts showcase Gribbin's music, including the premiere of Celestial Pied Piper, to be given by the Composers Ensemble. There is also a late-night concert reflecting Gribbin's love of the accordion. …
The Record, November 3, 2000Words That Dance Across the Page: Art of Chinese Calligraphy
… At a new Chinese calligraphy show at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in Manhattan, there are thick brushstrokes shaky with emotion, and pencil-thin lines etched carefully in wood or stone. …
The show brings together about 120 works from the two principal collections of Chinese calligraphy formed in the United States, the John B. Elliott Collection of the Art Museum at Princeton University and the Met's own masterpieces, most notably from the John M. Crawford Jr. Collection. …
The exhibit, which traces the artistic writing from its scribal beginnings to its transformation into a fine art in the fourth century and onward into the 20th century, is divided into eight galleries, organized chronologically, with some of the biggest show-stoppers gathered into the first room, a collection of paradigms from the earliest writing to the Tang Dynasty. …
The Cincinnati Enquirer, November 2, 2000Joyce Carol Oates Hears Others' Voices
Joyce Carol Oates is so prolific even she doesn't know how many books she's written:
"Overall? It's impossible to say. Some things other people consider books, I consider limited editions or long essays. I just can't say."
Maybe that's the wrong question to ask her when she delivers the 14th annual Niehoff Lecture Saturday at the Mercantile Library.
Maybe something about voices is the right one. They are, after all, the reason she writes.
"I'm very interested in voices, in how literature can give voice to people who otherwise wouldn't have one. It bears witness for people who can't."
People like Marilyn Monroe, heroine of her most recent novel. Blonde (Ecco Press, $ 27.50) is fiction based on fact. Ms. Oates calls it "a radically distilled 'life' in the form of fiction" written to explore the issues torturing the woman everyone saw on the screen.
Those same voices drive her other passions:
Teaching creative writing at Princeton University.
Working with husband Raymond Smith running a literary magazine called Ontario Review.
Working with her husband running the publishing house Ontario Review Press. …
The Dallas Morning News, November 2, 2000Hackers’ Soundtracks
Go for it, said the Secure Digital Music Initiative to computer hackers worldwide. Get around security measures intended to keep music files from being copied illegally and win a prize.
Gotcha! said a team of researchers at Princeton University, Rice University and the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, whose claims were among 447 filed during the challenge, which ended in early October. …
One method being considered to protect copyrighted music involves embedding a file with a digital "watermark," a hidden signal that communicates information about the file. Digital music players and recorders would look for the watermark to verify that the audio file was obtained legitimately. Any attempt to copy it would strip the watermark and prevent the copied file from being played. …
"It sounds about the same to a normal ear," said Edward Felten, an associate professor of computer science at Princeton. "You or I would not notice the difference."…
Chemical Week, November 1, 2000BP, Ford Fund CO2 Research
BP and Ford Motor have given Princeton University (Princeton, NJ) $ 20 million to study ways to curb carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions generated from fossil fuel use. BP will provide $ 15 million, and Ford will donate $ 5 million to the Princeton Environmental Institute. The 10-year Carbon Mitigation Initiative will examine how to remove carbon before and after fuel use. BP in September gave the University of California at Berkeley and the California Institute of Technology (Pasadena) $ 20 million to study the catalytic conversion of methane into fuels and chemicals.
Discover, November 1, 2000LANDMARKS: Science History; Brief Article
…Won Astronomers Allan Sandage of the Carnegie Observatories in Pasadena in California and P. James E. Peebles of Princeton University are the recipients of the new Peter Gruber Cosmology Prize, the first award dedicated to cosmology. Sandage is famous for his work in calculating the age of the universe; Peebles has led the quest to understand how the universe evolved from its hot dense state just after the Big Bang to the highly structured cosmos seen today.
The Greater Baton Rouge Business Report, October 10, 2000Worker Safety Numbers Improve
…The number of work-related injuries and illnesses since 1992 has fallen 25 percent nationally to 6.7 per 100 full-time workers, down from 8.9, according to 1998 figures from the Bureau of Labor. …
Alan B. Krueger, a New York Times columnist and professor of economics and public administration at Princeton University, said the decline in injuries nationally is remarkable because it reverses the trend of a rise in injuries when unemployment is low. As the theory goes, injuries usually rise when unemployment falls because work intensity increases and many inexperienced workers are hired.
"Yet, the tightest labor market in a generation has coincided with the lowest work-related injury and illness rate since the Bureau of Labor started tracking it," Krueger said.
In 1998, 5.9 million cases of workrelated injuries and illnesses were reported in the private sector. lf the pre1992 pattern had held, Krueger estimated that about 3 million more injuries and illnesses would have occurred.
The number of injuries and illnesses that required time away from work, 2.8 million cases in 1998, is about a million fewer than expected….
The Chronicle of Higher Education, October 6, 2000NEH Wants Jefferson Lectures to Have More Public Appeal
Hoping to draw more attention to their highest honor, the Jefferson Lecture in the Humanities, officials of the National Endowment for the Humanities have changed the criteria for selecting the lecturer -- placing more of an emphasis on speaking skills and public appeal.
The move has been criticized by scholars who want the award to represent scholarship, not showmanship. …
The 29-year-old lecture series, which carries a $ 10,000 prize, has inspired other disputes in academe recently. Last year, many researchers protested when the N.E.H. initially asked President Clinton to deliver the lecture; they argued that it should be given by a scholar, at the summit of his or her career. Mr. Clinton declined the offer because of the outcry.
Instead, James M. McPherson, a professor of history at Princeton University and a leading authority on the Civil War, was chosen to deliver last year's lecture, a decision that drew praise from the academic community. A capacity crowd showed up to see Mr. McPherson, who won the Pulitzer Prize for history in 1989 for his book Battle Cry of Freedom. That success spurred council members to consider honoring more scholars who, like Mr. McPherson, are both respected in academe and known to the public. …
Church & State, October 1, 2000Americans Reject Church-Based Politics, National Poll Indicates
Most Americans want to see less politicking emanating from the nation's pulpits, a national survey indicates.
The poll, conducted by Princeton University last spring on behalf of the Pew Charitable Trust, interviewed 5,000 adults on their attitudes toward religion, politics and public life. When asked, "Do you think it is ever right for clergy to discuss political issues from the pulpit?," 57 percent of respondents said no. Only 37 percent said yes, and 6 percent said they don't know. …
Canadian Jewish News, September 14The Passing Parade... [Recent deaths of well-known Jews]
…Sam Treiman, a Princeton University physicist, significantly advanced the understanding of the workings of sub-atomic particles….
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